eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
2345-3672
2016-06-01
13
2
65
76
10.22038/ijmp.2016.7451
7451
Evaluation of Radon Pollution in Underground Parking Lots by Discomfort Index
AH Bu-Olayan
abdul.buolayan@ku.edu.kw
1
BV Thomas
drbivin.thomas@ku.edu.kw
2
Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, Safat 13060, Kuwait
Introduction Recent studies of public underground parking lots showed the influence of radon concentration and the probable discomfort caused by parking cars. Materials and Methods Radon concentration was measured in semi-closed public parking lots in the six governorates of Kuwait, using Durridge RAD7radon detector (USA). Results The peak radon concentration in the parking lots of Kuwait governorates was relatively higher during winter (63.15Bq/m3) compared to summer (41.73 Bq/m3). Radon in the evaluated parking lots revealed a mean annual absorbed dose (DRn: 0.02mSv/y) and annual effective dose (HE: 0.06mSv/y). Conclusion This study validated the influence of relative humidity and temperature as the major components of discomfort index (DI). The mean annual absorbed and effective dose of radon in the evaluated parking lots were found below the permissible limits. However, high radon DRn and HE were reported when the assessment included the parking lots, the surrounding residential apartments, and office premises. Furthermore, the time-series analysis indicated significant variations of the seasonal and site-wise distribution of radon concentrations in the indoor evaluated parking lots of the six Kuwait governorates
https://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_7451_15d22d8af640701d46d8f4dd9c5c54c6.pdf
Air pollution Humidity
Radon
Temperature
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
2345-3672
2016-06-01
13
2
77
85
10.22038/ijmp.2016.7452
7452
Optimal Wavelength Selection in Ultraviolet Spectroscopy for the Estimation of Toxin Reduction Ratio during Hemodialysis
Amir Ghanifar
amir_gh8020@yahoo.com
1
Vahid Reza Nafisi
2
Electrical and Information Technology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
Electrical and Information Technology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology (IROST), Tehran, Iran.
Introduction The concentration of substances, including urea, creatinine, and uric acid, can be used as an index to measure toxic uremic solutes in the blood during dialysis and interdialytic intervals. The on-line monitoring of toxin concentration allows for the clearance measurement of some low-molecular-weight solutes at any time during hemodialysis.The aim of this study was to determine the optimal wavelength for estimating the changes in urea, creatinine, and uric acid in dialysate, using ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy. Materials and Methods In this study, nine uremic patients were investigated, using on-line spectrophotometry. The on-line absorption measurements (UV radiation) were performed with a spectrophotometer module, connected to the fluid outlet of the dialysis machine. Dialysate samples were obtained and analyzed, using standard biochemical methods. Optimal wavelengths for both creatinine and uric acid were selected by using a combination of genetic algorithms (GAs), i.e., GA-partial least squares (GA-PLS) and interval partial least squares (iPLS). Results The Artifitial Neural Network (ANN) sensitivity analysis determined the wavelengths of the UV band most suitable for estimating the concentration of creatinine and uric acid. The two optimal wavelengths were 242 and 252 nm for creatinine and 295 and 298 nm for uric acid. Conclusion It can be concluded that the reduction ratio of creatinine and uric acid (dialysis efficiency) could be continuously monitored during hemodialysis by UV spectroscopy.Compared to the conventional method, which is particularly sensitive to the sampling technique and involves post-dialysis blood sampling, iterative measurements throughout the dialysis session can yield more reliable data.
https://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_7452_f45781d701cd1f478dc0d4333a5966d6.pdf
Genetic Algorithm
Hemodialysis Efficiency
Neural Network Models
UV Absorption
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
2345-3672
2016-06-01
13
2
86
99
10.22038/ijmp.2016.7453
7453
Combination of Empirical Mode Decomposition Components of HRV Signals for Discriminating Emotional States
Ateke Goshvarpour
ak_goshvarpour@sut.ac.ir
1
Ataollah Abbasi
ata.abbasi@sut.ac.ir
2
Atefeh Goshvarpour
af_goshvarpour@sut.ac.ir
3
Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
Computational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Sahand University of Technology, Tabriz, Iran
Introduction Automatic human emotion recognition is one of the most interesting topics in the field of affective computing. However, development of a reliable approach with a reasonable recognition rate is a challenging task. The main objective of the present study was to propose a robust method for discrimination of emotional responses thorough examination of heart rate variability (HRV). In the present study, considering the non-stationary and non-linear characteristics of HRV, empirical mode decomposition technique was utilized as a feature extraction approach. Materials and Methods In order to induce the emotional states, images indicating four emotional states, i.e., happiness, peacefulness, sadness, and fearfulness were presented. Simultaneously, HRV was recorded in 47 college students. The signals were decomposed into some intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). For each IMF and different IMF combinations, 17 standard and non-linear parameters were extracted. Wilcoxon test was conducted to assess the difference between IMF parameters in different emotional states. Afterwards, a probabilistic neural network was used to classify the features into emotional classes. Results Based on the findings, maximum classification rates were achieved when all IMFs were fed into the classifier. Under such circumstances, the proposed algorithm could discriminate the affective states with sensitivity, specificity, and correct classification rate of 99.01%, 100%, and 99.09%, respectively. In contrast, the lowest discrimination rates were attained by IMF1 frequency and its combinations. Conclusion The high performance of the present approach indicated that the proposed method is applicable for automatic emotion recognition.
https://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_7453_a51c71057e77a8652871d766d9ed4fca.pdf
classification
Emotion
Heart rate
Signal processing
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
2345-3672
2016-06-01
13
2
100
108
10.22038/ijmp.2016.7454
7454
Environmental 50Hz Magnetic Fields Can Increase Viability of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC)
Akram Mahna
a.mahna@modares.ac.ir
1
Seyed Mohamad Firoozabadi
pourmir@modares.ac.ir
2
Department of Medical Physics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Department of Medical Physics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
Introduction Over the last decades, considerable levels of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) have been characterized in the living environment. Recent epidemiological studies on occupational and residential exposure to EMF have shown that 50/60 Hz fields, known as extremely low frequencies (ELF), have various biological effects, such as angiogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the effect of environmental 50 Hz magnetic fields at intensities of 3, 6, 15, 46, 110 and 207 mT on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a significant component of angiogenesis process. Materials and Methods In this study, 43 experimental groups were evaluated, including a control group, 6 sham exposure groups, 18 acute, and 18 chronic exposure groups with different exposure intensities and durations of exposure. Proliferation and viability of HUVECs were examined via cell counting and MTT methods, respectively. Results No significant changes were observed in the proliferation of HUVECs by 50 Hz magnetic field, while the viability of some acute groups was found to increase. These findings confirmed the theory of "biological window" for magnetic fields. Conclusion According to the results of this study, since the 50 Hz magnetic field can effect on viability of HUVECs and these cells play a key role in angiogenesis, 50 Hz magnetic fields at the mentioned intensities probably could be effective in the improvement of angiogenesis process.
https://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_7454_a6d33927b0bf14f53fc4ec3ef074d6ec.pdf
Magnetic Field
Endothelial cells
Viability
Proliferation
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
2345-3672
2016-06-01
13
2
109
117
10.22038/ijmp.2016.7456
7456
Determination of Radionuclides Concentration and Average Annual Committed Effective Dose Due to Ingestion for Some Medicinal and Edible Plants from Shazand (Markazi Province), Iran
Reza Pourimani
r-pourimani@araku.ac.ir
1
Mitra Noori
m-noori@araku.ac.ir
2
Maryam Madadi
madadi68@gmail.com
3
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak-Iran
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak-Iran
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Arak University, Arak-Iran
Introduction Natural and artificial radionuclides are the main sources of human radiation exposure, which enter the food chain from the environment. Radionuclides can affect human health by transferring from soil to plants and entering the human body. In this research study, we aimed to determine the activity concentrations of radionuclides and calculate the average annual committed effective dose (AACED) due to the ingestion of some medicinal and edible plants from Shazand, Markazi Province, Iran. Materials and Methods The specific activities of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs in eight medicinal and edible plant species and their surrounding soils were determined, using gamma-ray spectrometry and a high-purity germanium (HPGe) detector. The samples were collected from Shazand, situated in Markazi Province, Iran. Results The maximum soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF)for 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cswas estimated at 0.13, 0.13, 3.17, and 0.09, respectively. Based on the findings, the AACED for 1kg of edible plants varied from 0.63±0.16 to 13.71±0.14μSv/y. The annual gonadal dose Equivalent (AGDE) varied from 556 to 717 µSv/y for the soil samples (mean: 642µSv/y). The threshold consumption rate for edible plants ranged between21.86and 82.63 kg/y. Conclusion In this study, AACED due to the ingestion of radionuclides was lower than the global average (0.3 mSv/y). Therefore, the present results indicated no radiation health risks, associated with the use of these medicinal plants for disease treatment. However, it should be noted that all soil samples and some plants were polluted by radiocesium.
https://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_7456_cce72afe38d05ab57c4257c6f031e203.pdf
Natural radiation
Medicinal plant
Radionuclide
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
2345-3672
2016-06-01
13
2
118
124
10.22038/ijmp.2016.7457
7457
Evaluation of the Entrance Skin Dose in Animals Undergoing Diagnostic Radiology Using LiF, Mg, Ti Thermoluminescence Dosimetry (TLD-100)
Sedigheh Sina
samirasina@yahoo.com
1
Fazel Mirzaiee
fazel.mirzayi@gmail.com
2
Tahereh Padargani
padargani.1991@gmail.com
3
Mehdi Zehtabian
mehdizehtabian@yahoo.com
4
Saeed Ahrari
saeed_vet79@yahoo.com
5
Radiation Research Center, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
School of Mechanical Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Department of Clinical Sciences,, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
Introduction According to the International Commission on Radiological Protection publication numbers 60 and 21, the environmental control standards should ensure human and other species protection to a desirable degree. Since application of radiographic procedures in Veterinary Medicine has increased significantly, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the entrance skin dose to the animals (e.g., dogs, cats, horses, and birds) undergoing diagnostic radiology. Materials and Methods The entrance skin dose to the animals in different radiology procedures were estimated through a) indirect estimation using the output of X-ray tubes and b) direct measurement using LiF:Mg, Ti (TLD-100) thermoluminescence dosimeter. Regression analysis was performed for comparison of the two methods. The animals included in this study were cats, dogs, small birds, horses, parrots, and chough. Results The dose received by the animals varied from 20 mGy to 1189.2 mGy, depending on the animal thickness, focal spot to surface distance, imaging technique, and animal type. Conclusion Optimized procedures are suggested for obtaining high-quality images, with a reasonably low dose imposed to the animals.
https://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_7457_41a94d720a8b8a845b0428c20dc325c2.pdf
Radiology
Veterinary Medicine
Thermoluminescence Dosimeter
Dosimetry
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
2345-3672
2016-06-01
13
2
125
136
10.22038/ijmp.2016.7458
7458
The Experimental Study of Increased ICP on Cerebral Hemorrhage Rabbits with Magnetic Induction Phase Shift Method
Jian Sun
30067982@qq.com
1
Gui Jin
86099777@qq.com
2
Gen Li
3
Yujie Chen
yujiechen6886@foxmail.com
4
Mingxin Qin
1306542011@qq.com
5
Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No.29 Gaotanyanzheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyanzheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, No. 174 Shazheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing40044, China
Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, No.29 Gaotanyanzheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
College of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, No. 30 Gaotanyanzheng Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400038, China
Introduction Measuring magnetic induction phase shift (MIPS) changes as a function of cerebral hemorrhage volume has the potential for being a simple method for primary and non-contact detection of the occurrence and progress of cerebral hemorrhage. Our previous MIPS study showed that the intracranial pressure (ICP) was used as a contrast index and found the primary correlation between MIPS and ICP. Materials and Methods In this study,we theoretically deduced the approximate relationship between MIPS and ICP and carried out a comparison study between MIPS and ICP on cerebral hemorrhage in rabbits in this study. Acute cerebral hemorrhage was induced by injecting autologous blood (3 to 6mL) into the brain of rabbits in the experimental group (n=7). Results The animal experiment results showed that the MIPS decreased significantly as a function of injection volume in the experimental group and the changes of ICP and MIPS of rabbits from experimental group presented a negative correlation. We also found that the MIPS slopes of all experimental samples had a change trend from fastness to slowness with a reverse of the change of ICP. Conclusion These observations suggested that the non-contact MIPS method might be valuable and potential for monitoring acute cerebral hemorrhage and obtaining the ICP information.
https://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_7458_c924928925abd0755f7856ad4c2000ce.pdf
Intracranial pressure
Cerebral Hemorrhage
Magnetics,Electromagnetic Fields
eng
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
2345-3672
2016-06-01
13
2
137
145
10.22038/ijmp.2016.7459
7459
Development of an Accommodation-Dependent Eye Model and Studying the Effects of Accommodation on Electron and Proton Dose Conversion Coefficients
Alireza Vejdani-Noghreiyan
vejdani@neyshabur.ac.ir
1
Atiyeh Ebrahimi-Khankook
at_ebrahimi65@yahoo.com
2
Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran
Physics Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Neyshabur, Neyshabur, Iran
Introduction International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has provided a comprehensive discussion on threshold dose for radiation-induced cataract in ICRP publication 116. Accordingly, various parts of the eye lens have different radio-sensitivities. Recently, some studies have been performed to develop a realistic eye model with the aim of providing accurate estimation of fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients for different parts of the eye. However, the effect of accommodation, which changes the lens shape and pupil size, on dose conversion coefficients has not been considered yet. In this study, we purport to develop an accommodation-dependent eye model and to study the effects of accommodation on the electron and proton fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients. Materials and Methods Herein, a modified eye model was developed by considering the effects of accommodation on the lens shape and pupil size. In addition, MCNPX 2.6 Monte Carlo transport code was used to calculate the effects of eye lens accommodation on electron and proton fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients. Results Calculation of dose conversion coefficients demonstrated that the accommodation causes up to 40% discrepancy for fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients of electrons in the range of 600 to 800 keV, which is due to the change of eye lens shape during the accommodation of the eye. Conclusion Since the accommodation of the eye change the lens shape and pupil size, it has considerable effect on fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients of electrons at some ranges of incident particle energies that should be considered in simulation. However, the fluctuation of dose conversion coefficients of protons is negligible.
https://ijmp.mums.ac.ir/article_7459_b16351583c8b65c203bffcc01ed915ae.pdf
Eye Lens
Accommodation
Monte Carlo Method
Mathematical model