Numerical Analysis of the Thermal Interaction of Cell Phone Radiation with Human Eye Tissues

Document Type : Original Paper

Authors

Lovely Professional University

Abstract

Introduction: The present study aimed to present a numerical analysis of the penetration depth,  specific absorption rate (SAR), and temperature rise in various eye tissues with varying distance between radiation source and exposed human eye tissues (i.e., cornea, posterior chamber, anterior chamber, lens, sclera, vitreous humor, and iris) at frequencies of 900 and1800 MHz.
Materials and Methods: A theoretical model was proposed based on the tissue dielectric and thermal properties, Maxwell equations, Joules law of heating, and microscopic form of Ohm's law to find the realistic situation of the cell phone radiation interaction with various human eye tissues.
Results: According to the results, the anterior chamber had the highest temperature rise, compared to the vitreous, sclera, lens, cornea, and posterior chamber. By assuming the distance of 5 cm and exposure time of 30 min, the maximum rise in temperature for the anterior chamber was estimated to be 1.2°C and 2.2°C for 900 and 1,800 MHz frequencies, respectively.
Conclusion: As the findings indicated, the anterior chamber had the maximum rise in temperature, compared to other investigated tissues. This could be due to the disposal of excess heat by the perfusion of the blood in the vitreous, posterior chamber, sclera, and lens tissues and the cooling effects produced due to convection/conduction in the cornea tissue. However, the anterior chamber tissue had no such mechanism for heat disposal. 

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

  1. ICNIRP. Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys .1998; 41(4): 449–522.
  2. Morgenstern B Z, Mahoney D W, Waradley B A . Estimating total body water in children on the basis of height and weight: a reevaluation of the formulas of mellits and cheek. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2002; 13: 1884–8.
  3. Emery A F, Kramar P, Guy A W, Lin J C . Microwave induced temperature rises in rabbit eyes in cataract research. ASME J. Heat Transfer. 1975; 97: 123–8.
  4. Guy A W, Chow C K . Specific absorption rates of energy in man models exposed to cellular UHF-mobile antenna fields. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques. 1996; 34: 671-80.
  5. Lin J C . Cataracts and cell-phone radiation. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag. 2003; 45 (1): 171–4.
  6. Kramer P, Harris C, Emery A F, Guy A W . Acute microwave irradiation and cataract formation in rabbits and monkeys. J. Microw. 1978; 13: 239–49.
  7. Buccella C, Santis V D, Feliaiani M.Prediction of temperature increase in human eyes due to RF sources. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. 2007; 49 (4): 825–33.
  8. Wessapan T, Rattanadecho P . Aqueous Humor Natural Convection of the Human Eye induced by Electromagnetic Fields: In the Supine Position Journal of Medical and Bioengineering. 2014; Vol 3No. 4.
  9. Kumar V, Vats R P, Pathak P P . Harmful effects of 41 and 202 MHz radiations on some body parts and tissues. Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics. 2008; 45: 269-74.
  10. Basandrai D, Dhami A K . Study of penetration depth and SAR of skin tissue exposed to cellphone Radiation. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2016; 8(3): 917-20.
  11. Basandrai D, Dhami A K . Study of thermal interaction of cell-phone radiations within human head tissues. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and clinical Research. 2016. DOI: 10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9i6.14133.
  12. Ooi E, Ng E Y K . Stimulation of aqueous humour hydrodynamics in human eye heat transfer comut. Biol Med. 2008; 38 : 252-62.
  13. Ooi E, Ng E Y K . Effects of natural convection inside the anterior chamber. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering. 2011; 27 :408-23.
  14.  Pennes H H . Analysis of tissue and arterial blood temperatures in the resting human forearm. J Appl Physiol. 1998; 85 : 5-34.

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 23 November 2017
  • Revise Date: 06 February 2018
  • Accept Date: 10 February 2018

Share

How to cite

Statistics