Evaluation of Sonochemiluminescence in a Phantom in the Presence of Protoporphyrin IX Conjugated to Nanoparticles

Document Type : Original Paper

Authors

1 Medical Physics and Medical Engineering Dept., Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

2 Medical Physics Dept., Research Centre and Department of Medical Physics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

3 Pharmaceutics Dept., Pharmaceutical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

4 Chemistry Dept., Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

5 Research Center of Medical Physics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran

Abstract

Introduction
When a liquid is irradiated with high-intensity and low-frequency ultrasound, acoustic cavitation occurs and there are some methods to determine and quantify this phenomenon. The existing methods for performing these experiments include sonochemiluminescence (SCL) and chemical dosimetric methods. The particles in a liquid decrease the ultrasonic intensity threshold needed for cavitation onset. In this study, a new nanoconjugate made up of Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) and gold nanoparticles (GNP), i.e., Au-PpIX was used to provide nucleation sites for cavitation. The nonradiative relaxation time of PpIX in the presence of GNPs is longer than the similar time for PpIX without GNPs. This effect can be used in medical diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Materials and Methods
The acoustic cavitation activity was investigated studying integrated SCL signal in the wavelength range of 400-500 nm in polyacrylamide gel phantom containing luminol using a cooled CCD spectrometer at different intensities of 1 MHz ultrasound. In order to confirm these results, a chemical dosimetric method was utilized, too.
Results
SCL signal level in gel phantom containing Au-PpIX was higher than the other phantoms. These results have been confirmed by the chemical dosimetric data.
Conclusion
This finding can be related to the existence of PpIX as a sensitizer and GNPs as cavitation nuclei. In other words, nanoparticles have acted as the sites for cavitation and have increased the cavitation rate. Another theory is that activation of PpIX has produced more free radicals and has enhanced the SCL signal level.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

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Iranian Journal of Medical Physics
Volume 9, Issue 1 - Serial Number 1
March and April 2012
Pages 41-50

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History

  • Receive Date: 23 November 2011
  • Revise Date: 03 March 2013
  • Accept Date: 26 January 2012

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